https://doi.org/10.1177/2165143418769611
Career Development and Transition for
Exceptional Individuals
2019, Vol. 42(2) 128–134
© Hammill Institute on Disabilities 2018
Article reuse guidelines:
sagepub.com/journals-permissions
DOI: 10.1177/2165143418769611
cdtei.sagepub.com
Transition in Practice
Julio, the student manager of The Café, arrives at school
and immediately goes to his first class. He retrieves his
timecard, clocks in, glances at his visual schedule that
shows his shift assignment, then retrieves the keys to open
The Café. Having dressed in his work uniform, put on his
name badge, and washed his hands, Julio enters The Café
to begin work. While supervising the baristas as they prepare their work stations, Julio independently uses an iPad
to log into The Café email for customer orders. Julio selects
the first order and reviews its details.
To successfully respond to the challenges associated with
transitioning a student with an intellectual disability (ID) into
employment, secondary schools must devise and implement
an effective school-to-work curriculum that provides vocational skill instruction (Carter, Trainor, Cakiroglu, Swedeen,
& Owens, 2010) and that seeks to engage the employment
opportunities available within the local community (Brooke,
Revell, & Wehman, 2009). Hart, Barnett, and Crippen (2014)
suggest that an appropriate transition curriculum for students
with ID should incorporate real-world, community-based
vocational training experiences. However, in smaller communities, teachers may face a dearth of community-based
vocational training placements, and in many rural areas
accessibility is complicated by insufficient or nonexistent
public transportation (Collet-Klingenberg & Kolb, 2011).
One way for special educators to supplement communitybased vocational training is to develop school-based enterprises that teach transferable vocational skills relevant to the
local community. Research suggests that students with ID
who participate in a cooperative program (i.e., one that
stresses academics and vocational skills) have a greater
chance of becoming securely employed after high school
(Shandra & Hogan, 2008). Furthermore, Ross suggests (as
cited in Carter et al., 2010) a logistical benefit of establishing
a school-based enterprise is eliminating the need to transport
students within the community, therefore, leaving more time
for school-based vocational and academic instruction.
In this article, implementing The Café, an online, schoolbased microenterprise at a rural high school, is described.
This innovative approach to build independent vocational
skills for students with ID uses customized functional digital literacy and an integrated visual supports system to
increase student autonomy.
Designing an Online, School-Based
Microenterprise
With both the desire to target functional digital literacy
skills and to implement an online business model, Mr. Wood
developed The Café’s website using the school district’s
existing WordPress.org account as an initial contact
between The Café’s customers and the students with ID
operating The Café. Mr. Wood included five easily navigable pages: a Home page, a Comments/Suggestions page, a
Menu page, an Order page, and a Special Offers page for
use by school staff and teachers (see Table 1). Mr. Wood
769611 CDEXXX10.1177/2165143418769611Career Development and Transition for Exceptional IndividualsFields and Demchak
research-article2018
1
University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Corresponding Author:
C. J. Fields, University of Nevada, Reno, Mail Stop 299, Reno, NV 89557,
USA.
Email: [email protected]
Integrated Visual Supports in a SchoolBased Microenterprise for Students With
Intellectual Disabilities
C. J. Fields, MEd1
and MaryAnn Demchak, PhD1
Abstract
School-based microenterprises and vocational training opportunities represent an effective approach to developing
transferable vocational skills in students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The authors describe the
implementation of an online, school-based microenterprise at a rural high school that emphasizes functional digital literacy
and uses an integrated system of visual supports to increase the autonomy of students with intellectual and developmental
disabilities in a workplace setting.
Keywords
functional digital literacy, intellectual disability, transition, school to work, microenterprise, visual supports, vocational skills
Fields and Demchak 129
embedded electronic forms within the website that are
linked to a school district email account set up to receive
electronic submissions and to be the primary interface by
the students to view and receive orders.
Online enterprises remain a largely unexplored area with
regard to developing vocational opportunities for students
with ID. In a 21st century economy where, increasingly,
companies are using online platforms to do business, it is
important for teachers to consider ways in which they can
develop capacities that make this vocational sector available to their students. Given the changing economy, it is
essential to ensure that students with ID receive instruction
in functional digital literacy skills such as using email,
social media, and cloud-based services (Cihak, Wright,
McMahon, Smith, & Kraiss, 2015). While developing an
Internet-based business may seem intimidating, teachers
can access various ease-of-use, web-based tools (e.g.,
Weebly.com, Wix.com) for this purpose. Acquiring independence in functional digital literacy skills can potentially
lead to postschool employment opportunities for students
with ID (Cihak et al., 2015).
The Café’s website allows students to correspond with
customers to clarify orders and view submitted comments
or suggestions. Electronic correspondence is an important,
embedded vocational skill that allows for autonomous operation of The Café via practical, transferable functional digital literacy skills. The Café’s online platform is similar to
many contemporary retail and food service businesses (e.g.,
Pizza Hut, Staples) that offer websites for customer use.
The Café’s website serves as the nexus of a larger integrated
visual system of supports designed to reduce students’
prompt dependency and to increase self-determination and
self-management in a vocational setting.
Integrated Visual Supports System
Recognizing that modern jobs require diverse interpersonal
and self-management skills, Mr. Wood designed an integrated visual support system to assist his students with ID
in running all aspects of The Café (see Table 2). Mr. Woods
used Adobe Photoshop® and the Microsoft Office Suite® to
create visuals that support task initiation, task completion,
and self-management.
Visual activity schedules represent one method of assisting students with ID with vocational tasks, by reducing
their need for adult supervision. Carson, Gast, and Ayres
(2008) used a visual activity schedule displayed in a small
photo album to assist students with disabilities in completing vocational tasks at Walmart stores. The researchers
found that the students completed tasks more efficiently and
independently when using the visual activity schedules. A
particularly relevant finding was that the managers of the
Walmart stores found the visual activity schedules to be
appropriate for the workplace, reporting that they would be
an “easy strategy to implement†for employees (Carson
et al., 2008, p. 277). This positive view by the managers
provides real-world support for use of visual supports in the
workplace and suggests that visual supports represent a
viable tool for teaching transferable vocational skills.
Students with ID can be taught to run all aspects of a
microenterprise through gesture, verbal, and model prompting using a system of least prompts, with an emphasis on
first prompting students to use visual supports to complete
tasks on their own. As students become more proficient at
the various business operations and use the integrated visual
system of supports independently, teacher instruction
should be systematically faded and the transfer of control of
The Café to the student workers initiated. Student workers
in The Café are monitored by the teacher to ensure continued proficiency and to monitor growth; however, student
workers should ultimately assume all responsibility for
operating The Café.
Heather enters The Café for her barista work shift. She
checks the posted Job Duty Schedule for her work station
assigned by the shift manager. Heather notes that she is
working as the server and helps her coworker make coffee
and start the tea kettle. Once Heather’s station is ready, she
goes to Julio for instruction on what to do next and is
directed to prepare standing orders. She consults the
Standing Order Board to determine what to make first.
Table 1. The Café Webpage Descriptions.
Webpage title Webpage function(s)
Home page The Home page describes The Café including a description of The Café’s clientele, the purpose
of the business, and use of the profits.
Comments/Suggestions page The Comments/Suggestions page is a blank electronic form that customers complete when
providing feedback or suggesting new items to add to The Café menu.
Menu page The Menu page lists all regularly served Café items and the price of each item.
Order page The Order page contains an electronic form that customers complete and submit to place an
order.
Special Offers page The Special Offers page contains an electronic form to order prepaid drink and snack cards
and describes the special perks of buying each card.
130 Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals 42(2)
Task Initiation Supports
Visual supports aimed at task initiation trigger the students’
starting activities needed for The Café to run productively
and efficiently. Visual supports identify shift assignments
(first shift or second shift) and prompt initiating relevant
tasks. Student baristas are taught to identify their café duties
by reviewing café visuals, reducing the need for dependency on teacher prompting for initiating assigned tasks.
Tasks can be divided into two categories, job and clean-up
duties (see Figure 1). Job duties rotate and can include providing direct customer service at The Café’s service counter, preparing drink orders and making deliveries in the
school, operating the cash register, preparing bagel orders,
and completing a weekly inventory. Clean-up duties also
rotate and can include cleaning coffee makers, emptying the
kettle, wiping surfaces, cleaning the bagel station, and mopping. The use of task initiation visual supports can result in
eliminating teacher prompts needed for students to start
work tasks.
Julio asks Alice to complete Mr. Ty’s food and drink
order, placed through the website. Alice retrieves a clipboard holding a Visual Order Taker and Order Tabulation
Sheet and goes to the Staff Id Board where she locates Mr.
Ty’s Id Label. Alice affixes Mr. Ty’s Staff Id Label to the
order taker and uses an erasable marker to record Mr. Ty’s
order as Julio reads it to her. Alice asks Mark, who is
assigned to the bagel station, to make Mr. Ty’s food while
she makes his coffee. Seeing that Mark is struggling with
making the bagel, Julio points to the posted Visual Activity
Schedule for making bagels and prompts his coworker to
use it for assistance.
Task Completion Supports
To address memory-associated difficulties of students with
ID, a customized, sequential series of interactive visual supports can be created that allows the students to quickly
record orders and provides a visual reminder of to whom and
where the order is to be delivered (see Figure 2). The Café’s
Table 2. List of Supports and Specific Functions.
Integrated visual support system
Task initiation supports Function
Visual Daily Schedule (Classroom) Initiate student work during specified shift
Timecards and Timeclock Initiate work/school day
Email Orders on iPad Initiate web-based order completion and delivery
Standing Order Board Initiate standing order completion and delivery
Job Duty Schedule Initiate specified café station work
Clean-Up Duty Schedule Initiate specified clean-up duty
Friday Laundry Duty Initiate weekly washing and drying of uniforms
Task completion supports Function
Visual Work Task Analyses Support completion of chained café tasks
Staff Identification (Id) Board Support order completion and delivery by identifying staff
(name and picture) and staff room number
Visual Order Taker Support order completion and delivery
Visual Order Tabulation Sheet Support totaling up of multi-item orders
Visual Inventory Checklist Support weekly review of café inventory
Color Coded Buttons (Cash Register) Support cash register operation
Shirt Folder With Visuals Support correct uniform folding technique
Pre-Programmed Profit/Loss Spreadsheet Assist in financial management of the café
Visual reminders Function
Customer Service Scripts Remind students of appropriate customer interaction
Pre-Paid Cards and Pre-Paid Card Tracker Remind students of customer purchase history
Employee of the Week Display Remind students of positive work incentive
Safe Work Day Count Display Remind students of safe work incentive
Health and Safety Rules Remind students of health and safety rules
Menus and Pre-Paid Cards (With Pricing) Remind students of available café items and prices
Note. Table 2 lists all visual supports within The Café’s system of supports to demonstrate scope. Only a selection of visuals are discussed and displayed
within this article.
Fields and Demchak 131
supports use two interactive forms: (a) a Visual Order Taker
and (b) a Visual Tabulation Sheet. Each form is laminated
and can be quickly and easily completed using an erasable
marker, and Staff Id Labels are easily transferred to these
forms using Velcroâ„¢. Students who learn to use these supports no longer require follow-up instruction from their shift
manager and can take and complete orders independently.
In addition to the order fulfillment visual supports, visual
activity schedules of individual café tasks provide step-bystep instructions and can be used to aid student learning and
remembering of steps associated with a chained skill (e.g.,
making a pot of coffee; see Figure 3). These visual activity
schedules are posted near where the work task is completed
and are made using color photographs paired with written
instructions to assist students completing the tasks. When
students cannot complete a chained skill, they are prompted
by special education staff or their coworkers to attend to the
visual depicting the activity. Implementing task completion
visual supports allows student workers in The Café to demonstrate increased independence in completing complex
tasks. Students often self-fade the use of these visual systems due to their work competencies exceeding the need for
supports.
Before exiting The Café to deliver an order, Delores
briefly practices by reading the Customer Service Script on
The Café’s wall. Delores enters Ms. Lo’s classroom to
deliver coffee, saying “Good Morning, here’s your order
from The Café.†Ms. Lo replies, “Thank you!†Delores
responds, “You’re welcome, may I please punch your coffee
card?†Delores uses a one-hole punch to punch Ms. Lo’s
prepaid card. On returning to The Café, Delores uses an
erasable marker to record Ms. Lo’s purchase on the PrePaid Card Tracker next to Ms. Lo’s affixed Staff Id Label.
Delores also tracks Ms. Lo’s purchase on the Standing
Order Board.
Visual Reminders
Visual supports within this category can emphasize work
incentives, safety and work standards, café pricing information, and customer purchase history. Students can view these
supports to help them recall workplace expectations and to
assist them in providing quality service to customers. Prepaid
snack and/or prepaid coffee cards, good for discounted food
and drink purchases (see Figure 2), can be punched by the
barista on completing each delivery. When baristas make
deliveries to customers who have prepaid cards, they can
interact with the customer using a practiced dialogue that
emphasizes brevity and courteous customer interaction. This
dialogue can be posted on the wall of The Café in the form of
a color-coded Customer Service Script and used to practice
the customer service dialogue prior to customer interaction
(see Figure 4). Visually scripting communicative exchanges
has been shown to be an effective approach to developing the
communication skills of students across disability categories
to address a variety of verbal communication deficits (Ganz,
2007). Variations of the Customer Service Script should be
posted throughout The Café to support multiple scenarios,
including a script for interacting with customers who place
orders at the service counter.
Figure 1. Task initiation visual support for work station assignments.
132 Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals 42(2)
Figure 2. Visual support integration diagram of order recording and purchase history.
Fields and Demchak 133
On returning from making a delivery, café baristas are also
required to track the purchase history of customers who have
prepaid cards. This is done using the café’s Prepaid Card
Tracker (see Figure 2). This visual support requires the students to use an erasable marker to track deliveries completed,
and serves as a visual reminder of customers’ remaining prepaid orders. When customers are close to filling their prepaid
cards, the café baristas recognize the need to sell the customer
another card, generating more capital for the business.
To address students spilling beverages, carelessness with
equipment and supplies, and unsanitary work practices, a
list of workplace Health and Safety Rules is developed and
taught to the students. These rules are posted within The
Café as a constant reminder of daily work performance
expectations. Furthermore, workplace incentives are
designed to motivate students toward safe, sanitary, and
productive work practices. These earned incentives are
designed specifically to encourage positive workplace
behaviors. Café workers are incentivized for individual
work performance and for the work performance of the
entire café staff.
Students who work safely, efficiently, and correctly, and
show consistent effort and initiative are eligible for the
Employee of the Week award. Employees of the Week have
their photo posted on the Employee of the Week Display and
receive an incentive item from the program’s student store.
The Employee of the Week Display is a reminder that working responsibly and diligently carries with it the potential
for recognition and reward.
A Safe Work Day Count Display is posted within the café
and is used to track the number of days The Café completes
both work shifts without a lost time accident. Café managers update this count at the end of second shift each school
day. Sixty days without a lost time accident results in a
pizza lunch for all café staff. The Safe Work Day Count
Display provides a reminder that working safely carries
with it the potential for recognition and reward. These
embedded initiatives replicate incentive initiatives often
found in community-based workplaces and facilitate student understanding of such programs and their benefits. The
development of these safety initiatives is also essential to
passing inspection by the local health department.
Final Thoughts
Since the development and implementation of The Café 2
years ago, all operations of the microenterprise were successfully turned over to the students. Daily, student workers learn
and practice a multitude of transferable vocational skills and
practical, functional digital literacy skills. The autonomy with
which the student workers run The Café provides support for
students with ID to operate successfully a microenterprise/
sole-proprietorship when provided with needed visuals.
Furthermore, The Café establishes that integrating a variety of
visual supports, digital or printed, into a customized system of
supports, can assist students with ID completing a variety of
complex, interconnected vocational tasks. While the use of
this visual system of supports is described for a food service
job, designing and implementing a comprehensive integrated
visual system in other school-based microenterprises and in
community-based workplaces may offer expansive opportunity for individuals with ID. It may also represent a cost-effective approach to supported employment, reducing the need for
Figure 3. Task completion visual support for making regular
coffee.
Figure 4. Customer service script for use with customers
owning a prepaid coffee card.
134 Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals 42(2)
direct instruction and prompting from job coaches. Students
with ID who are equipped with a broad set of transferable job
skills developed within The Café may successfully transition
to competitive work.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Jamie Gustafson who provided the initial inspiration for this work.
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect
to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Funding
The author(s) received no financial support for the research,
authorship, and/or publication of this article.
References
Brooke, V. A., Revell, G., & Wehman, P. (2009). Quality indicators for competitive employment outcomes: What special education teachers need to know in transition planning.
Teaching Exceptional Children, 41(3), 58–66.
Carson, K. D., Gast, D. L., & Ayres, K. M. (2008). Effects of a
photo activity schedule book on independent task changes by
students with intellectual disabilities in community and school
job sites. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 23,
269–279. doi:10.1080/08856250802130475
Carter, E. W., Trainor, A. A., Cakiroglu, O., Swedeen, B., &
Owens, L. A. (2010). Availability of and access to career
development activities for transition-age youth with disabilities. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 33,
13–24. doi:10.1177/0885728809344332
Cihak, D. F., Wright, R., McMahon, D., Smith, C. C., & Kraiss,
K. (2015). Incorporating functional digital literacy skills as
part of the curriculum for high school students with intellectual disability. Education and Training in Autism and
Developmental Disabilities, 50, 155–171.
Collet-Klingenberg, L. L., & Kolb, S. M. (2011). Secondary and
transition programming for 18-21 year old students in rural
Wisconsin. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 30(2), 19–27.
Ganz, J. B. (2007). Using visual script interventions to address
communication skills. Teaching Exceptional Children, 40(2),
54–58.
Hart Barnett, J. E., & Crippen, R. (2014). Eight steps to schoolbased employment training for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Physical Disabilities:
Education and Related Services, 33(2), 1–15.
Shandra, C. L., & Hogan, D. P. (2008). School-to-work program
participation and the post-high school employment of young
adults with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation,
29, 117–130
Any academic writer who wishes to join our team of professional writers must possess all the following qualities:
To write an exemplary academic paper, you must have good critical thinking skills, possess the proper knowledge of the discipline, and be knowledgeable about applying an academic writing style.
As such we have a rigorous recruitment process. We only collaborate with professional academic writers. We believe in offering the highest quality academic writing services. Our writers pass various grammar and academic writing tests. They have to provide documents about their personal information and credentials to prove their level of expertise.
As a result, our clients receive papers that are thoroughly-researched, properly cited, and written within academic standards. We are proud that any academic writer from our writer's team can complete the paper at a high standard.
We work with the student’s budget because we know that students are usually on a budget majority of the time. We do not compromise on quality because of low prices. On the contrary, we love to foster a good relationship with our clients. That is why we charge our clients reasonable prices, and we are willing to negotiate and work with their budget.
It may be quite disturbing to decide whether to hire an academic writing company. We care about our client’s privacy and confidentiality. We never disclose your information to third parties. We never publish your paper online. You can use our academic writing service without any fear or anxiety.
Many students struggle with writing academic papers. Some barely have time to do their assignments because of their job and family responsibilities. Others have difficulty applying critical thinking skills or meeting time or assignment requirements. Whatever the reason is, you can always have time to do the things you love and other important things. All you need is a reliable and quality academic writing service. Unfortunately, even if you strongly desire to write the paper yourself, you sometimes face unexpected challenges. As we all know, life is unpredictable! Your teacher may be unconcerned about helping students and may not answer your questions. The good news is that there is a way out! You can hire an online academic writer to help you with your assignments. All you need to do is stipulate your paper requirements in the order form, and you can spend your time as you like.
Our company commits towards delivering high-quality custom papers to our clients. We seek to offer reliable essay writing services to our customers in various subject areas. Our customers are very valuable to us. As such, we commit to ensuring that they derive the utmost satisfaction from the essays we deliver. We have a mission to promote our clients' educational and professional lives by providing high-quality essays for their use. We also have a mission to offer a convenient essay writing system where our customers can easily order and pay for the services. We value quality and professionalism in our company.
We write papers on any subject area, and we also write various types of papers for various purposes. We have a team of able writers who are eager to help our customers with writing services of exceptional quality. We offer custom writing services for customers across the globe and charge affordable prices for our services. We are the best essay writing company offering personalized services to all our customers. We ensure our customers receive maximum satisfaction from the essays we deliver. Our website is the place to be if you are seeking high-quality essays.
By using our academic writing service, we match your paper subject with a writer with a degree in the subject. The writer is able to apply their skills, knowledge, and expertise to the paper. You receive an original, unique, well-research paper, properly cited and formatted. As such, you are assured of a high-quality paper.
Truth be told, writing assignments can be stressful and difficult for any student. There is no shame in getting academic writing help. When you search the term “get academic writing help” there are numerous sites that pop up on the results and our website is among them. So, why is it a great idea to choose us?
During your course, your instructor will assign various types of homework. Our academic writers can prepare essays, presentations, speeches, case studies, research papers, dissertations, thesis papers, and more. Our writer’s department is capable of tackling any assignment of any complexity easily. All you need is to give us detailed instructions to help our experts understand the task.After doing so, you can rest assured that everything is in control, and we will deliver a paper of unmatchable quality.
Are you a college or university student pursuing your Bachelor’s , Masters, PhD, or Doctorate degree? Sometimes juggling schoolwork with work, family and hobbies can seem like a daunting task. You have to sacrifice one or the other. The sole purpose of our website is to alleviate your academic burdens. We ensure that you do not fail in your classes and you get good grades consistently. We understand that there is a need for academic help.
We acknowledge that our clients are not dumb or lazy but only need academic life need help in order to live a balanced life and make ends meet. We make it our core priority to ensure that all assignments are done and submitted before the stipulated deadlines. All our writers are graduates. They are competent in handling the clients’ assignments. We step in to help you with any and all of your assignments. Our assignment help service ensures that you never miss a grade or deadline.
Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.
Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.
Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!
While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.
Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.
In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.
Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.
We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!
We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.
Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.
$10 page
$13 page
$14 page
Our prices depend on the urgency of your assignment, your academic level, the course subject, and the length of the assignment. Basically, more complex assignments will cost more than simpler ones. The level of expertise is also a major determinant of the price of your assignment.
If you need professional help with completing any kind of homework, is the right place to get it. Whether you are looking for essay, coursework, research, or term paper help, or with any other assignments, it is no problem for us. At our cheap essay writing service, you can be sure to get credible academic aid for a reasonable price, as the name of our website suggests. For years, we have been providing online custom writing assistance to students from countries all over the world, including the US, the UK, Australia, Canada, Italy, New Zealand, China, and Japan.
Our cheap essay writing service has already gained a positive reputation in this business field. Understandably so, since all custom papers produced by our academic writers are individually crafted from scratch and written according to all your instructions and requirements. We offer APA, MLA, or a Chicago style paper in almost 70 disciplines. Here, you can get quality custom essays, as well as a dissertation, a research paper, or term papers for sale. Any paper will be written on time for a cheap price.
Using our cheap essay writing help is beneficial not only because of its easy access and low cost, but because of how helpful it can be to your studies. Buy custom written papers online from our academic company and we won't disappoint you with our high quality of university, college, and high school papers. Although our writing service is one of the cheapest you can find, we have been in the business long enough to learn how to maintain a balance between quality, wages, and profit. Whenever you need help with your assignment, we will be happy to assist you.
It might seem impossible to you that all custom-written essays, research papers, speeches, book reviews, and other custom task completed by our writers are both of high quality and cheap. It is surprising, but we do have some tricks to lower prices without hindering quality.
To start using our services, it’s enough to place a request like “I need a writer to do my assignment” or “Please, write an essay for me.” We have a convenient order form, which you can complete within minutes and pay for the order via a secure payment system. The support team will view it after the order form and payment is complete and then they will find an academic writer who matches your order description perfectly. Once you submit your instructions, while your order is in progress and even after its completion, our support team will monitor it to provide you with timely assistance.
Hiring good writers is one of the key points in providing high-quality services. That’s why we have entry tests for all applicants who want to work for us. We try to make sure all writers working for us are professionals, so when you purchase custom-written papers, they are of high quality and non-plagiarized.
Our cheap essay writing service employs only writers who have outstanding writing skills. The quality of all custom papers written by our team is important to us; that is why we are so attentive to the application process and employ only those writers who can produce great essays and other kinds of written assignments. All our writers are graduates. They are competent in handling the clients’ assignments. We step in to help you with any and all of your assignments. Our assignment help service ensures that you never miss a grade or deadline.
All our cheap essays are customized to meet your requirements and written from scratch. Our writers have a lot of experience with academic papers and know how to write them without plagiarism. Moreover, at our academic service, we have our own plagiarism-detection software which is designed to find similarities between completed papers and online sources. You can be sure that our custom-written papers are original and properly cited.
Our essay writing service has a 0% plagiarism tolerance. We are well aware of the dangers of plagiarism. Plagiarism is academic suicide. Our essay writing service ensures that all papers are original. We do not sell pre-written papers. All papers are written from scratch as per the instructions. We pass our papers through powerful anti-plagiarism software such as SafeAssign and TurnItIn.
Our cheap essay writing service tries to always be at its best performance level, so each customer who pays money for paper writing can be sure that he or she will get what is wanted. On the off chance that you don’t like your order, you can request a refund and we will return the money according to our money-back guarantee.
There can be a number of reasons why you might not like your order. If we honestly don’t meet your expectations, we will issue a refund. You can also request a free revision, if there are only slight inconsistencies in your order. Your writer will make the necessary amendments free of charge. You can find out more information by visiting our revision policy and money-back guarantee pages, or by contacting our support team via online chat or phone.
We know how important any deadline is to you; that’s why everyone in our company has their tasks and perform them promptly to provide you with the required assistance on time. We even have an urgent delivery option for short essays, term papers, or research papers needed within 8 to 24 hours.
We appreciate that you have chosen our cheap essay service, and will provide you with high-quality and low-cost custom essays, research papers, term papers, speeches, book reports, and other academic assignments for sale. We beat all deadlines. We can also handle urgent orders with deadlines as short as 1 hour. Our urgent paper writing service does not compromise on quality due to the short deadline. On the contrary, our essay writers have a lot of experience which comes in handy in such situations.
We provide affordable writing services for students around the world. That’s why we work without a break to help you at any time, wherever you are located. Contact us for cheap writing assistance. Our impeccable customer support team will answer all your questions and help you out with any issues.
Proceed to order pageDelivering a high-quality product at a reasonable price is not enough anymore.
That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe.
You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. This describes us perfectly. Make sure that this guarantee is totally transparent.
Read moreEach paper is composed from scratch, according to your instructions. It is then checked by our plagiarism-detection software. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in.
Read moreThanks to our free revisions, there is no way for you to be unsatisfied. We will work on your paper until you are completely happy with the result.
Read moreYour email is safe, as we store it according to international data protection rules. Your bank details are secure, as we use only reliable payment systems.
Read moreBy sending us your money, you buy the service we provide. Check out our terms and conditions if you prefer business talks to be laid out in official language.
Read more